Master Titles
In chess, there are 8 different master titles. These are Grandmaster (GM), International Master (IM), FIDE (pronounced ‘fee-day’) Master (FM), Candidate Master (CM), Women’s Grandmaster (WGM), Women’s International Master (WIM), Women’s FIDE Master (WFM) and Women’s Candidate Master (WCM).
Obviously, a man can only attain 4 of these titles (the ones not restricted to women), but a woman may attain all 8.
There are also certain requirements in being able to achieve one of these master titles.
WCM is the lowest title that FIDE (the international federation of chess – English translation) awards. The female player must have achieved a published FIDE rating of at least 2000 to be eligible for the title.
WFM is awarded to a female player if she has achieved a published FIDE rating of at least 2100.
CM is awarded to a player who has achieved a published FIDE rating of at least 2200.
FM is awarded to a player who has achieved a published FIDE rating of at least 2300.
WIM is awarded to a female player who has achieved a performance FIDE rating of at least 2250 and has had a published FIDE rating of at least 2200.
WGM is awarded to a female player who has achieved a performance FIDE rating of at least 2400 and has had a published FIDE rating of at least 2300.
IM is awarded to a player who has achieved 3 IM norms. A norm is simply a result from a chess tournament measured in terms of your performance at that tournament. You can achieve an IM norm in a 9 round tournament if you:
1) Play at least three IMs and five titleholders, no more than two players may be without a FIDE rating (including yourself)
2) Play against players from at least three federations, and no more than six from the same federation (including yourself)
3) Score at least 7/9 against a FIDE rating tournament average of at least 2231, 6.5/9 against at least 2285, 6/9 against at least 2326, 5.5/9 against at least 2371, 5/9 against at least 2407, 4.5/9 against at least 2451 or 4/9 against at least 2494. Opponents without FIDE ratings are counted as 2100 (previously 2000).
GM is the highest title (other than World Champion) that FIDE can award a player. To be eligible for this title, you must achieve 3 GM norms. You can achieve a GM norm if you (assuming a 9 round tournament):
1) Play at least three GMs and five titleholders, no more than two players may be without a FIDE rating (including yourself)
2) Play against players from at least three federations, and no more than six from the same federation (including yourself)
3) Score at least 7/9 against a FIDE rating tournament average of at least 2381, 6.5/9 against at least 2435 or 6/9 against at least 2476. Opponents without FIDE ratings are counted as 2250 (previously 2000).
Players can also obtain norms of more than 9 rounds, provided that they achieve a 2601 performance rating.
The normal way of getting the GM title is by getting three of these norms, in at least 27 games, (three 9 round tournaments usually). You will also need a FIDE rating of at least 2500 on some point after the first GM norm was achieved. A GM norm (or any other norm) will be awarded if the 2500 border was passed during a tournament. This is to avoid withdrawals during the tournament, if a norm already was achieved. You can also become GM directly by winning the World Junior Championships, or by getting a GM norm based on 13 games in the Olympiad.
For more detailed information on attaining these titles, please refer to FIDE’s handbook here.
Sources:
1. http://www.chessclub.com/help/Norm
2. http://www.fide.com/component/handbook/?id=58&view=article
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